Hamas emerged from Islamic resistance movements against Israeli occupation, gaining influence through social institutions, mosques, education, healthcare, and social support. The experiences of discrimination, occupation, and violence contributed to radicalization within Palestinian society.

The book examines Hamas's ideological foundation, which combines Islamic thought, Palestinian nationalism, and anti-colonial resistance. It analyzes the Hamas Charter's goal of an Islamic state in Palestine and the various currents within the organization between pragmatism and religious fundamentalism.

The book explores Hamas's dual role as a political party and militant group, examining its strategies ranging from electoral participation to social work and violent resistance, and analyzing internal debates about the use of violence.