Systemic reform is necessary, encompassing curriculum design, teacher training and development, student assessment, and parental involvement. Finland's success demonstrates how combining teacher education with emphasis on equity and well-being creates effective education systems.

Students need skills beyond traditional academics, including critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, communication, and digital literacy. Countries like Singapore and South Korea successfully integrate these skills into their curricula.

International assessments like PISA and TIMSS serve as valuable sources of data and insights, helping nations identify areas for improvement and learn from successful practices of others.