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Barbarians at the Gate

Bryan Burrough, John Helyar

596 Pages
2009

Barbarians at the Gate

The Fall of RJR Nabisco

Harper Collins

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Barbarians at the Gate - Summary

"Barbarians at the Gate" by Bryan Burrough and John Helyar chronicles the largest corporate takeover in Wall Street history, focusing on KKR's buyout of RJR Nabisco in 1988. The book details the financial maneuvers, power struggles, and personalities involved in this historic deal, providing insight into the high-stakes world of corporate finance through extensive access to the main characters.

Key Ideas

1

Corporate Greed and Ambition

The book highlights the extreme levels of greed and ambition that characterized the corporate world in the 1980s. The takeover of RJR Nabisco was driven by the desire for power and wealth, with key figures like Ross Johnson and Henry Kravis exemplifying this relentless pursuit.

2

The Mechanics of a Leveraged Buyout

The book provides an in-depth look at the mechanics of a leveraged buyout (LBO), explaining how KKR used borrowed money to finance the acquisition of RJR Nabisco, leveraging the company's assets to secure loans.

3

Impact on Corporate America

The RJR Nabisco takeover marked a turning point in how business was conducted, with a shift towards more aggressive and financially driven strategies. The repercussions of this deal are still felt today, as it set a precedent for future mergers and acquisitions.

FAQ's

"Barbarians at the Gate" primarily focuses on the largest corporate takeover in Wall Street history, specifically the buyout of RJR Nabisco by the investment firm KKR. It delves into the financial maneuvers, egos, ambitions, and power struggles of the key players involved in this high-stakes event.

The book highlights several key figures, including Ross Johnson, the CEO of RJR Nabisco, and Henry Kravis, a partner at KKR. These individuals exemplify the extreme levels of greed and ambition that characterized the corporate world in the 1980s.

The takeover of RJR Nabisco marked a significant turning point in corporate America, leading to a shift towards more aggressive and financially driven business strategies. The repercussions of this deal are still felt today, as it set a precedent for future mergers and acquisitions.

๐Ÿ’ก Full 15min Summary

Ross Johnson's strategic maneuvering and charm led him from Nabisco to the CEO position at RJR Nabisco, highlighting a cultural clash between genteel tobacco and aggressive corporate politics.
0:00 / 1:43

Ross Johnson climbed the corporate ladder to become the CEO of RJR Nabisco in 1986. His journey began with his early professional life, where he displayed a knack for corporate politics. Johnson had a unique ability to charm directors and outsmart competitors. His strategic moves at Nabisco set the stage for him to assume the role of CEO after orchestrating a merger with RJ Reynolds Tobacco in 1985.

RJ Reynolds, a successful tobacco company based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, had been thriving for over a hundred years. However, it was grappling with falling cigarette sales. To diversify into the food industry, its CEO, Tylee Wilson, decided to acquire Nabisco. Wilson appointed Johnson as his deputy, a decision he would soon regret. The two had conflicting styles, and Johnson began to undermine Wilson's authority with the board. Wilson's decision to keep Premier, a secret "smokeless" cigarette project, hidden from the board gave Johnson the ammunition he needed to turn the directors against Wilson.

Johnson began to rally board members like Sticht and Hugel, lobbying for their support to become the next CEO. He even threatened to resign, which forced Wilson to propose early retirement. However, Johnson and his allies persuaded the board that Wilson needed to step down immediately. In 1986, Wilson resigned, walking away with a hefty severance package. The board then appointed Johnson as CEO, marking the successful execution of his carefully crafted plan.

This story also highlights the cultural clash between the genteel tobacco culture at Reynolds and the aggressive style Johnson brought from Nabisco. It hints at the future conflicts between Johnson and other executives like Horrigan that would persist in the newly formed RJR Nabisco.

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