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Behave

Robert M. Sapolsky

801 Pages
2018

Behave

The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst

Penguin

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Behave - Summary

In this groundbreaking exploration of human behavior, Robert M. Sapolsky masterfully weaves together neuroscience, biology, and primatology to unravel the complex mysteries of why humans act the way they do. The book presents a comprehensive analysis of human conduct, from our noblest moments to our darkest impulses, examining the biological underpinnings of our actions across multiple time scales - from the split second before a behavior occurs to the evolutionary factors that shaped it over millennia.

Key Ideas

1

The Multilayered Nature of Human Behavior

Our actions result from an intricate interplay of various biological systems, including hormones, neural circuits, genes, and environmental factors. Sapolsky demonstrates how these different layers work together, from immediate neurochemical responses to long-term evolutionary adaptations.

2

The Biology of Moral Behavior

The book delves deep into how our biological makeup influences our moral decisions, exploring everything from empathy and cooperation to aggression and competition. Sapolsky shows that our ethical choices are deeply rooted in our neurological and hormonal systems.

3

The Science of Social Behavior

Through examining tribalism, hierarchy, and social bonding, Sapolsky reveals how our biological heritage shapes our social interactions, explaining why we form groups, establish hierarchies, and sometimes engage in conflict with others.

FAQ's

According to Sapolsky, this is a false dichotomy. Human behavior results from the complex interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences, with neither factor being predominant in isolation.

The book suggests that while understanding the biological basis of our actions doesn't negate responsibility, it does challenge traditional notions of free will and requires us to reconsider how we think about choice and accountability.

The insights presented in the book have significant implications for fields ranging from criminal justice and education to mental health treatment and conflict resolution, offering new approaches to understanding and potentially modifying human behavior.

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