Sartre's exploration of consciousness is groundbreaking. He posits that consciousness is not a passive container for thoughts and experiences but an active force that projects itself into the world, creating meaning. This radical freedom means that individuals are entirely responsible for their actions and the meanings they ascribe to their lives.

One of the central themes in "Being and Nothingness" is the concept of "bad faith," where individuals deceive themselves to avoid the responsibility that comes with absolute freedom. Sartre illustrates this with the example of a waiter who over-identifies with his role, thus denying his own freedom and potential for change.

Sartre delves into the dynamics of human relationships, particularly how the presence of others influences our self-perception. The "look" of the Other can make us feel objectified and judged, leading to a sense of alienation. This theme highlights the inherent conflict and tension in human interactions, as we navigate our own freedom while being aware of others' perceptions.