The novel deeply examines the rigid class structures of Victorian society and the psychological toll of attempting to transcend one's social origins. Through Peak's journey, we see how class consciousness infiltrates every aspect of life, from education to romance, creating invisible but powerful barriers to advancement.

The struggle between genuine self-expression and social conformity forms a central conflict, as Peak grapples with maintaining his intellectual integrity while trying to fit into higher social circles. His attempts to reshape his identity raise questions about the nature of authenticity and the price of social acceptance.

The role of education as both a means of elevation and a source of alienation is explored throughout the novel. Peak's academic achievements highlight the double-edged nature of intellectual development in a class-conscious society, where knowledge can both empower and isolate.