Foner argues that the concept of "freedom" has been a central and contested ideal throughout American history. From the early colonists seeking religious freedom to the Civil Rights Movement's fight for racial equality, different groups have invoked the idea of freedom to advance their own visions of a just society. However, Foner also highlights how the meaning of freedom has evolved over time and often been defined in exclusive terms, leaving certain groups marginalized and oppressed.

Unlike traditional textbooks that focus primarily on political and military history, "Give Me Liberty!" emphasizes the importance of social history. Foner explores the experiences of ordinary Americans – women, workers, immigrants, and minorities – showing how their lives and struggles have shaped the nation's development. This approach illuminates the diversity of the American experience and sheds light on the ongoing fight for social justice.

Foner emphasizes that American history is not a linear progression but a complex tapestry of interconnected events and movements. He highlights the continuities and changes across different historical periods, demonstrating how past events continue to resonate in the present. This approach encourages readers to think critically about the long-term consequences of historical decisions and to recognize the ongoing legacy of slavery, inequality, and colonialism in shaping contemporary America.