McCandless sought to escape what he viewed as the corruption of modern society and to test himself against nature. Influenced by writers like Thoreau and London, he believed true fulfillment could only be found through a simple, solitary existence away from civilization.

While the exact cause has been debated, evidence suggests a combination of factors including malnutrition, possible poisoning from wild potato seeds, and his inability to hunt or gather sufficient food, all exacerbated by his isolation in the harsh Alaskan environment.

The book has become a cultural touchstone, sparking intense debates about wilderness survival, the pursuit of ideals, and the balance between adventure and responsibility. It has inspired numerous adaptations, including a successful film, and continues to resonate with readers who question societal conventions.