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On Liberty

John Stuart Mill

118 Pages
1865
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On Liberty - Summary

"On Liberty" is a profound philosophical treatise that champions individual freedom and explores the delicate balance between personal liberty and social authority. Written in 1865, Mill's masterpiece presents a compelling argument for protecting individual rights against the tyranny of both governmental power and societal pressure. The work establishes fundamental principles for determining when society may legitimately interfere with individual freedom, introducing the influential "harm principle" as a cornerstone of liberal thought.

Key Ideas

1

The Limits of Social Control

Mill meticulously examines the boundaries of society's power over individuals, arguing that social coercion should only be exercised to prevent harm to others. This revolutionary concept establishes a clear framework for personal freedom while acknowledging necessary social restrictions.

2

Freedom of Expression

The text presents a robust defense of absolute freedom of opinion and discussion, asserting that the suppression of any viewpoint, whether true or false, deprives humanity of potential truths if true, and the clearer perception of truth through its collision with error if false.

3

Individual Development and Character

Mill emphasizes the crucial importance of allowing individuals to develop their unique character and potential through diverse experiences and choices, arguing that societal progress depends on the freedom to explore different modes of living.

FAQ's

The book establishes crucial principles for individual rights and limitations on governmental power that continue to influence modern democratic societies, providing a philosophical framework for balancing personal freedom with social order.

The harm principle states that the only legitimate reason to interfere with individual liberty is to prevent harm to others. This principle remains central to modern debates about personal freedom and social regulation.

Mill argues that social progress is best served by maximizing individual liberty, as diversity of thought and lifestyle leads to innovation and improvement in human understanding and social conditions.

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