Chomsky and Pappé engage in a nuanced discussion about the feasibility and ethical implications of both proposed solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. They dissect the historical context, political roadblocks, and potential consequences of each approach. While acknowledging the complexities, they ultimately argue in favor of a binational state that guarantees equal rights and self-determination for both Palestinians and Israelis.

The book examines the impact of international pressure on Israel, specifically focusing on the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement. Chomsky and Pappé analyze the effectiveness of BDS in raising awareness, challenging Israeli policies, and promoting Palestinian rights on a global scale. They argue that such movements, though often met with resistance, are crucial in shifting the power dynamics and pushing for a just resolution.

Both authors are known for their critical perspectives on traditional historical narratives surrounding Israel and Palestine. In this book, they challenge dominant Western narratives that often marginalize or erase Palestinian experiences. They highlight the importance of acknowledging historical injustices, recognizing the Palestinian narrative, and understanding its implications for achieving a just and sustainable peace.