Ellul argues that propaganda is an unavoidable consequence of technologically advanced societies. The sheer volume and complexity of information in such societies necessitate simplified narratives, which propaganda provides. This creates an environment ripe for manipulation, regardless of the propagandist's intent, making propaganda a fundamental aspect of modern life.

Moving beyond psychological interpretations, Ellul emphasizes the sociological dimensions of propaganda. He explains how propaganda exploits existing social divisions, beliefs, and anxieties, rather than creating them. By weaponizing these pre-existing conditions, propaganda fosters an illusion of unity within targeted groups while exacerbating societal fragmentation, thus deepening social divides.

Ellul paints a stark picture of the ultimate consequences of propaganda – the erosion of individual critical thinking and the undermining of democratic processes. By shaping opinions, beliefs, and desires, propaganda fosters conformity and obedience, threatening the very foundations of a free and just society. This highlights the urgent need for critical thinking and media literacy to combat its effects.