The book delves into the Mayan understanding of the universe's creation, presenting the Popol Vuh's intricate cosmology. It explores how the gods shaped the world and humanity, offering insights into the Mayan worldview and their relationship with nature and the divine.

Central to the Popol Vuh are the tales of hero twins Hunahpu and Xbalanque. Himelblau's analysis highlights their adventures and trials, emphasizing themes of bravery, cunning, and the eternal struggle between good and evil. These stories are not just entertaining but also carry profound moral and ethical lessons.

The book underscores the Popol Vuh's importance as a cultural and spiritual document for the Mayan people. It discusses how the text has been preserved and transmitted through generations, reflecting the resilience and continuity of Mayan culture. This theme emphasizes the enduring relevance of the Popol Vuh in understanding Mayan identity and heritage.