One of the central themes of "The Gates of Europe" is the significant impact that various empires have had on Ukraine. From the Roman Empire to the Ottoman Empire, and later the Habsburg and Russian Empires, each has left a lasting imprint on the region. This historical context is crucial for understanding the current political and cultural landscape of Ukraine.

The book highlights the rich cultural and linguistic diversity of Ukraine, shaped by centuries of interaction with different empires and neighboring countries. This diversity is a key aspect of Ukraine's identity and has played a significant role in its historical development. Plokhy emphasizes how this mosaic of influences has contributed to the unique character of the Ukrainian people.

Plokhy also delves into the geopolitical importance of Ukraine, situated at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The country's strategic location has made it a focal point of conflict and cooperation among major powers throughout history. Understanding this geopolitical significance is essential for comprehending the ongoing tensions and conflicts in the region, including the recent Russian aggression.