Varma traces the historical trajectory of the Indian middle class, from its nascent stages during British colonialism to its significant growth following India's independence. He highlights the role of education, economic liberalization, and globalization in shaping the aspirations and values of this group. The book examines how historical factors and government policies have contributed to the expansion of the middle class, analyzing its changing composition and social mobility across different periods.

The author dissects the inherent contradictions within the Indian middle class, particularly its pursuit of material prosperity alongside traditional values. Varma argues that while economic liberalization has fueled its consumerism, it has also led to a decline in social responsibility and empathy towards the less privileged. He critiques the middle class's tendency to prioritize personal gain over collective well-being, pointing to a disconnect between their aspirations and their engagement with social issues.

Varma provides a nuanced perspective on the future of the Indian middle class, considering its potential to drive positive change while acknowledging its limitations. He argues that for India to achieve genuine progress, the middle class must move beyond self-interest and actively participate in shaping a more equitable and just society. The book concludes by examining the role of the middle class in shaping India's political landscape and its potential to influence the country's future trajectory.