This theme explores the life of Prophet Muhammad and the foundational period of Islam under the Rashidun Caliphs. It highlights the significant events, teachings, and leadership that shaped the early Muslim community and set the stage for future Islamic governance.

This theme covers the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, focusing on their political, cultural, and scientific achievements. It also examines the reasons behind their decline and the emergence of smaller independent states, providing a nuanced understanding of Islamic history's complexity.

This theme addresses the Ottoman Empire's influence and the transition to contemporary Islamic nations after the fall of the caliphate. It discusses the challenges and transformations faced by the Muslim world in the modern era, offering insights into current geopolitical and cultural dynamics.