De Beauvoir challenges the notion of natural feminine traits by demonstrating how society shapes and molds women's identities. She argues that cultural expectations, education, and social institutions work together to create what we consider 'feminine,' rather than these characteristics being innate biological traits.

The book explores how society consistently positions women as secondary to men, defining them not by their own characteristics but in relation to masculinity. This fundamental inequality shapes women's experiences in all aspects of life, from personal relationships to professional opportunities.

De Beauvoir outlines how women can achieve genuine autonomy by recognizing and rejecting societal constraints. She emphasizes the importance of economic independence, intellectual development, and the rejection of traditional gender roles as crucial steps toward true emancipation.