Koehler emphasizes that cyber vulnerabilities are everywhere, embedded in the software and hardware we rely on daily. This widespread vulnerability creates ample opportunity for attackers, ranging from individual hackers to organized crime and even nation-states. No business, regardless of its size or sector, is immune to the threat. The book underscores the fact that the knowledge required to exploit these vulnerabilities is readily accessible, making it easier for malicious actors to launch attacks.

"Understanding Cyber Risk" delves into the evolution of cyberattacks, highlighting how globalization and the internet have significantly changed the game. Koehler explains that attacks can be launched from anywhere in the world, making attribution difficult and increasing the chances of attackers acting with impunity. The book details how attacks are no longer limited to technical breaches but also encompass social engineering, phishing, and misinformation campaigns, showcasing the multifaceted nature of modern cyber threats.

Koehler doesn’t just highlight the problem; he provides actionable solutions. The book offers practical advice and strategies for businesses to protect their assets. This includes implementing robust cybersecurity measures, fostering a culture of security awareness among employees, and staying informed about the latest threats and vulnerabilities. He emphasizes the importance of proactive risk management, stressing that prevention is far more effective than reacting to a successful attack.