A group of fifteen smokejumpers parachuted into a remote forest in Montana to extinguish a wildfire started by lightning. As they hiked down the slope to contain the fire, it suddenly leapt across the gulch and raced toward them. Realizing they couldn't fight the raging fire, they turned to flee uphill. Their foreman, Wagner Dodge, abruptly stopped and lit a small fire, then lay down in the burned area as the wildfire passed over him. Though counterintuitive, this "escape fire" saved Dodge's life by clearing fuel so the larger blaze wouldn't consume him. Tragically, twelve other smokejumpers perished trying to outrun the flames while weighed down by their heavy gear. Their training and identity as firefighters made it hard to drop their axes and shovels, though that could have allowed them to escape.

This story illustrates the value of mental flexibility even in life-or-death situations. Being able to swiftly rethink assumptions and reconsider identities can mean the difference between survival and disaster. The book explores why rethinking is difficult but vitally important. It shares insights from scientists, educators, and leaders on opening our own minds, encouraging others to think again, and creating communities of lifelong learning. Rethinking allows us to find new solutions, revisit old ones, learn from others, and live with fewer regrets. Though challenging, developing the art of thinking again helps us succeed in a complex world.