Let's take a journey through the fascinating world of physics, where our understanding of space, time, and reality has been dramatically reshaped over the last few centuries. We'll start with the classical Newtonian physics, which held the belief that space and time were absolute and unchanging. This perspective remained unchallenged for over two centuries.

However, in the early 20th century, Einstein's revolutionary theories of relativity turned this view on its head. He proposed that space and time are not separate entities but are interwoven and relative to each other. The plot thickened with the advent of quantum mechanics, which further disrupted our intuitive understanding of reality by introducing the concept of inherent probability.

Moving on, we encounter the intriguing concept of the arrow of time, which always points towards increasing disorder. While physics equations treat time symmetrically, our real-world experience is of a forward-moving time. This asymmetry is linked by cosmology to the unique conditions present at the birth of the universe.

Our journey takes us next to inflationary cosmology, a modification of the standard Big Bang theory. This theory suggests a brief period of rapid expansion in the early universe, which helps explain various observed features of the cosmos. It also offers a potential explanation for the arrow of time, suggesting that inflation smoothed out the early universe into a state of low entropy.

However, the world of physics still faces a significant challenge: the unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity. These two theories, when combined, seem to break down. Enter superstring theory, with its innovative proposal of fundamental vibrating strings. This theory, which requires extra spatial dimensions for mathematical consistency, offers a promising solution. It suggests that our experience of the universe is only a partial view of a much richer cosmic fabric.

In conclusion, our understanding of space, time, and reality has been repeatedly revolutionized by various breakthroughs in physics over the last century. As current research continues to push the boundaries of knowledge, we move closer to uncovering the true nature of the cosmic fabric. These scientific discoveries have not only enriched our understanding of the universe but also profoundly transformed our experience of it.